A diesel generator set is an independent power generation equipment, which refers to a power machinery that uses diesel as fuel and diesel engine as the prime mover to drive the generator to generate electricity. The entire unit is generally composed of components such as a diesel engine, generator, control box, fuel tank, starting and control battery, protective device, emergency cabinet, etc. The whole can be fixed on the foundation for positioning use, or installed on a trailer for mobile use. Diesel generator sets are non continuous operation power generation equipment. If they run continuously for more than 12 hours, their output power will be about 90% lower than the rated power. Although diesel generator sets have lower power, they are widely used in mines, railways, field construction sites, road traffic maintenance, as well as factories, enterprises, hospitals and other departments as backup or temporary power sources due to their small size, flexibility, lightness, complete supporting facilities, and ease of operation and maintenance. At the same time, this small generator set can also be used as a small mobile power station, becoming a backup power source for many enterprises.
The diesel engine of a diesel generator set is generally a single cylinder or multi cylinder four stroke diesel engine. Below, I will only talk about the basic working principle of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine: the diesel engine is started by manually or other power to rotate the crankshaft of the diesel engine, causing the piston to reciprocate up and down in the top sealed cylinder. The piston completes four strokes during motion: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke, and exhaust stroke. When the piston moves from top to bottom, the intake valve opens, and fresh air filtered by the air filter enters the cylinder to complete the intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the intake and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, and the temperature and pressure increase, completing the compression process. When the piston is about to reach its peak, the fuel injector sprays filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in a mist form and mixes it with high-temperature and high-pressure air, immediately igniting and burning on its own. The high pressure formed pushes the piston downwards to do work, drives the crankshaft to rotate, and completes the work stroke.
